“Duuude! You know what I would do, if I were you? I’d run my guitar through a compressorrrrr…”
Back after a week’s absence! While taking the “Art of Mixing” class through Berklee Online, I got to thinking about how processed modern music is, and how little the average person realizes this. One could say that modern pop music is the aural equivalent of a Twinkie: it bears only a slight resemblance to music as found in nature. So I thought I’d do my bit to educate the public on a few of the tools used by recording engineers to process and manipulate recorded sounds. I’m going to try to explain things in layman’s terms without resorting to technical talk.
Let’s start with compression. Basically, a compressor is a device (hardware or software) that reduces the dynamic range of a signal going through it. In other words, it controls loudness; it’s sort of like having an automatic hand on the volume knob, ready to reduce the volume if the signal gets too loud. It basically lets you get away with a louder average signal because the loudest peaks are tamped down. Compressors are not new; they’ve been used in music for many decades, and have a lot of practical use. For example, they are used to keep an instrument from overloading a recording console because of sudden loud notes. Instruments like drums have a lot of dynamic range; they can play really soft and really loud. A compressor helps to even things out so that the loudest notes don’t cause the recording to become distorted. Compressors are also used at radio stations to make sure that the station never exceeds the broadcast wattage permitted by law, by ruthlessly controlling the dynamic range of sounds being broadcast. That’s one reason why your favorites song played on an FM station never sounds as good as it does in your CD player. Also, commercials on TV and radio have their audio compressed–that’s why the commercials sound much louder than the regular programming.
In modern popular music, it’s not uncommon for every single instrument and vocal to be compressed. Why? I suppose because it’s technologically possible, not because every track actually needs compression. Also, the entire mix is compressed to make the average loudness higher. So now we have a situation where every instrument and voice has much of the dynamic range squashed out of it, and the entire song is further squashed until it sounds really, really loud and distorted. Now there–isn’t that better?